{"id":4498,"date":"2023-02-16T19:07:32","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T19:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=4498"},"modified":"2023-02-24T10:14:55","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T10:14:55","slug":"20-karotidna-restenoza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=4498","title":{"rendered":"20. KAROTIDNA RESTENOZA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/friz-poglavlja2.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/index.php?page_id=4498\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/20.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1><a href=\"\/index.php?page_id=1408\"><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"western\">KAROTIDNA RESTENOZA<\/h1>\n<p><\/a><\/h1>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\">It is not enough to do things right. You have to do right thing.<i><br \/><\/i><em>Bertrand Russel<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">In the space age, the most important space is between the ears.<i><br \/><\/i><em>Armstrong<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\"><b>Restenoza<\/b><b> <\/b>je redukcija vi\u0161e od 50% dijametra operisane arterije.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Karotidna endarterektomija se pokazala kao vrlo pouzdana metoda za le\u010denje simptomatske<sup><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <\/span><\/sup>i asimptomatske<sup><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <\/span><\/sup>visoko-stepene karotidne stenoze, a sve ve\u0107i broj endarterektomija poslednjih godina uti\u010de i na pojavu karotidnih restenoza.<\/p>\n<p>Profilaksa restenoze se sprovodi:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>primenom precizne hirur\u0161ke tehnike to- kom endarterektomije i formiranja anastomoze,<\/li>\n<li>preferiranjem autovenskog grafta u oblasti srednjih i malih arterija,<\/li>\n<li>postoperativnim metaboli\u010dkim i antitrombocitnim le\u010denjem.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u010cim se uspostavi protok, nakon karotidne endarterektomije, trombociti adheri\u0161u na ogoljenu spolja\u0161nju elast\u010dnu laminu. Dolazi do degranulacije trombocita sa osloba\u0111anjem ADP i tromboksana, \u0161to pokre\u0107e dalju agregaciju.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Adherirani trombociti se stabilizuju pomo\u0107u fibrina stvaraju\u0107i tromb. Potpuna endotelizacija se zavr\u0161ava unutar prvog meseca. Nakon endotelizacije endarterektomisane povr\u0161ine lokalna aktivnost trombocita vi\u0161e ne mo\u017ee da se detektuje. Restenoza u regionu endarterektomije je rezultat alteracije u procesu zaceljenja.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Tehni\u010dka gre\u0161ka, kao \u201c<i>clamp<\/i>\u201d povreda, nekompletna endarterektomija, proksimalni ili distalni intimalni <i>fl<\/i><i>ap<\/i>, stenoza na suturnoj liniji, predestinira restenozu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Mogu\u0107i uzroci restenoza su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"western\"><b>progresija<\/b><b> <\/b><b>arterioskleroze<\/b><b> <\/b>(proksimalno i\/ili distalno),<\/li>\n<li class=\"western\"><b>hiperplazija<\/b><b> <\/b><b>neointime<\/b><b> <\/b>na anastomozi, naro\u010dito distalnoj,<\/li>\n<li class=\"western\"><strong>tehni\u010dka gre\u0161ka.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Endarterektomija<\/strong> karotidne bifurkacije ima bolje rane i udaljene rezultate u odnosu na druge lokalizacije i druge vrste revaskularizacija. \u201cKarotidna endarterektomija dugoro\u010dno daje dobru prolaznost arterije\u201d. Hirur\u0161ka tehnika kod primo-operacije je svakako najva\u017enija u prevenciji restenoza. Terapiju statinima treba zapo\u010deti \u0161to ranije pre operacije.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Incidenca simptomatske karotidne restenoze se kre\u0107e od 0.6-3.6%, a incidenca asimptomatske restenoze od 8.8-19%.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Intimalna<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fi<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>broza<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(miointimalna<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>hiperplazija,<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fi<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>broplazija)<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">se<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">vi\u0111a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">kod<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">restenoze<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">u<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">prve<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">dve<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">godine.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Kod<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">reoperacije,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">nailazi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">se<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">na<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">su\u017eenje<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">beli\u010dasto<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">sjajne<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">povr\u0161ine,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u010dvrste<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ili<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">gumaste<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">konzistencije.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Glatke<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mi\u0161i\u0107ne<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u0107elije<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">fi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">broblasti,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u0107elije<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">uklju\u010dene<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">u<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">proces<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">zaceljenja<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">nakon<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">endarterektomije,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ekscesivno<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">proliferi\u0161u<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">produkuju<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">kolagen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Kasna<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">restenoza<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">je<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">obi\u010dno<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">rezultat<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>progresije<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ateroskleroze<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Podrazumeva<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">se<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">antiaterogena<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">medikamentozna<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">terapija<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">uz<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">eliminisanje<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">faktora<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">rizika,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">postoperativno.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Faktori rizika<\/strong> su sli\u010dni onima koji predisponiraju za aterogenezu ali restenoza karotidnih arterija se \u010de\u0161\u0107e javlja kod \u017eena. Statisti\u010dko identifikovanje faktora rizika je te\u0161ko zbog malog broja pacijenata sa restenozom nakon karotidne endarterektomije.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/244.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>Duplex-ultrasonografski<\/em><br \/><em>nalazi postoperativno: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(a) By <\/em><em>pass graft od impregniranog <\/em><em>Dacron-a. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(b) PTFE bypass <\/em><em>graft, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(c) Implantirani stent.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Pacijenti koji su imali operaciju prime\u0107uju i najmanje <b>simptome<\/b><b> <\/b><b>ishemije<\/b><b> <\/b><b>mozga<\/b><b> <\/b>jer su instruirani za prepoznavanja tranzitornog ishemi\u010dnog ataka (TIA). Korisno je edukovati pacijenta da prepoznao eventualne simptome TIA. Va\u017eno je razlikovati pacijente koji imaju simptome odmah posle operacije od onih koji su imali asimptomatski period pre povratka simptoma TIA.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Ponekad je prisustvo <b>sistolnog<\/b><b> <\/b><b>\u0161uma<\/b><b> <\/b>nad operisanom karotidnom arterijom prvi znak postojanja restenoze. Nasuprot ovakvog pasivnog pristupa, mogu\u0107e je i aktivno traganje za karotidnim restenozama.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Neinvazivn<\/b><b>i <\/b><b>dijagnosti\u010dk<\/b><b>i <\/b><b>minimu<\/b><b>m<\/b><b> <\/b>postoperativno podrazumeva neurolo\u0161ki, angiolo\u0161ki pregled i kontrolnu Duplex-sonografiju u 6-mese\u010dnim intervalima. Ve\u0107ina novih lezija je ultrasonografski homogena, \u0161to ukazuje na fibroznu prirodu leziju i benignu prognozu. Identifikovanje heterogenog kompleksnog plaka je dodatni kriterijum za profilakti\u010dnu reoperaciju. Dobar <i>follow-up<\/i><i> <\/i>sa redovnim Duplex-sonografskim pregledima bi trebalo da detektuje restenozu pre nastanka okluzija. Hemodinamski zna\u010dajna karotidna restenoza Duplex ultrasonografijom prema ESCT<sup><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">16<\/span><\/sup><sup><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <\/span><\/sup>kriterijumima ima PSV (<i>peak<\/i><i> <\/i><i>sistolic<\/i><i> <\/i><i>velocity<\/i>) &gt; 230cm\/sec. U tom slu\u010daju indikovana je provera multislajsnom kompjuterizovanom tomografijom (<b>MSCT<\/b>) supraaorti\u010dnih grana.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-272.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em><strong>Duplex-ultrasonografski<\/strong> nalaz postoperativno: Turbulencija na mestu male neravnine na distalnom kraju endarterektomije,<\/em><br \/><em><strong>Kontrolni pregledi<\/strong> se rade u \u0161estomese\u010dnim intervalima uz korekciju medikamentozne terapije shodno nalazima.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-274.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-275.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>In stent restenoza unutra\u0161nje karotidne arterije nakon<\/em><br \/><em>PTA.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-276.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-277.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Retromboza<\/strong> smanjuje \u0161ansu za ponovnu revaskularizaciju. Mogu\u0107nosti za korekciju retromboziranog segmenta se moraju pre reoperacije proceniti kontrolnom arteriografijom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Funkcionalna evaluaciji restenoze<\/strong> podrazumeva kori\u0161\u0107enje transkranijalnog Dopplera radi procene vaskularne rezerve. Pretpostavka je da su pacijenti sa o\u0161te\u0107enom autoregulacijom distalno od stenoze u povi\u0161enom riziku od \u0161loga, posebno ako lezija progredira do okluzije.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Test se zasniva na komparaciji osnovne brzine protoka u srednjoj cerebralnoj arteriji sa brzinom posle hipo ili hiper-kapnije ili administracije acetazolamida. Kompjuterizovana tomografija endokranijuma neophodna u pacijenata koji su imali neurolo\u0161ke ishemijske doga\u0111aje do 30 dana pre ponovnog hirur\u0161kog tretmana.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><em>Nepotpuno ekspandirani stent u zajedni\u010dkoj karotidnoj arteriji.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Karotidna<\/b><b> <\/b><b>angioplastika<\/b><b> <\/b><b>je<\/b><b> <\/b><b>prvi<\/b><b> <\/b><b>izbor<\/b><b> <\/b><b>le\u010denja<\/b><b> <\/b><b>karotidne<\/b><b> <\/b><b>restenoze<\/b>. Me\u0111utim, u slu\u010daju tortuoziteta supaaorti\u010dnih grana, kalcifikacija i veoma duga\u010dkih lezija endovaskularni tretman mo\u017ee ostati bez uspeha, pa je indikovano ponovno hirur\u0161ko le\u010denje.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Reoperacija<\/b><b> <\/b>zbog restenoze. Ranije rekonstruisani segment se nalazi u o\u017eiljku koji ote\u017eava disekciju. Posebno treba voditi ra\u010duna o identifikaciji kranijalnih nerava. <i>N.hypoglossus<\/i><i> <\/i>je najve\u0107i problem, jer mo\u017ee fibrozom biti povu\u010den nadole preko bifurkacije. Ponovna trauma operativnog polja mo\u017ee biti povezana sa povi\u0161enim rizikom od povrede kranijalnih nerava i lokalnih hirur\u0161kih komplikacija.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Multislajs CT angiografija supraaorti\u010dnih grana \u2013 restenoza zajedni\u010dke i unutra\u0161nje karotidne arterije (desno) nakon standardne endarterektomije, <br \/>posle 19 godina.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-278.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-279.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-280.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Karotidna restenoza na samoj bifurkaciji, glatke povr\u0161ine (A), Restenoza je re\u0161ena plasiranjem stenta.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-281.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Implantacija stenta u bifurkaciju zbog karotidne restenoze \u2013 Power Doppler uredan kontrolni follow up nalaz. Nema restenoze<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-282.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Spektralna analiza, uredan nalaz po implantaciji stenta zbog resstenoze<br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Arterije<\/strong> se obi\u010dno moraju eksplorisati i proksimalnije i distalnije nego kod primarne operacije da bi se stvorila \u0161ansa za uspeh nove revaskularizacije. Restenozirana arterija koja je endarterektomisana prilikom prve operacije se mo\u017ee rekonstruisati ponovnom endarterektomijom. Obi\u010dno je neophodna implan- tacija grafta po tipu interpozicije. Ako je primarno ura\u0111ena bypass rekonstrukcija ponovna operacija retko se mo\u017ee zavr\u0161iti samo dezobstrukcijom grafta. Obi\u010dno je neophodno napraviti kompletnu ili delimi\u010dnu zamenu (<i>reimplantatio<\/i>) grafta uz njegovo produ\u017eenje (<i>elongatio<\/i>) put distalno i\/ili proksimalno \u201c<i>overbypass<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><em>Implantacija stenta u bifurkaciju <br \/>zbog karotidne restenoze.<br \/>Uredan kontrolni follow up nalaz. <br \/>Nema restenoze<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-284.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Color Duplex ultrasonografija<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-291.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>B mod ultrazvuk<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-16-at-9.04.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>Prose\u010dno vreme klemovanja karotidnih <br \/>arterija u odnosu na tip rekonstrukcije<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr>\n<div>\n<h4 align=\"JUSTIFY\"><\/h4>\n<h4 class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Ishod operacije zbog restenozese mo\u017ee porediti sa primarnom operacijom. Osim pove\u0107ane u\u010destalosti o\u0161te\u0107enja kranijalnih nerava, ostali parametri peroperativnog i ranog morbiditeta i mortaliteta nisu statisti\u010dki zna\u010dajno pove\u0107ani.<\/h4>\n<h2 class=\"western\">Terapiju statinima treba zapo\u010deti \u0161to ranije pre operacije.<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Hirur\u0161ka tehnika operacije je svakako najva\u017enija u prevenciji restenoza.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 class=\"western\">U ranom postoperativnom periodu (do 30 dana), TIA, mo\u017edani udar i povrede lokalnih nerava su ne\u0161to \u010de\u0161\u0107e nego posle primarne operacije.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-16-at-9.03.47-PM.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>Rezultati hirur\u0161kog le\u010denja karotidne restenoze<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-286.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Restenoza karotidne bifurkacije nakon PTA dilatacije sa stenom. Va\u0111enje restenoziranog stenta uz za\u0161titu intraluminalnim shuntom<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-287-e1676578277533.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Neointimalna hiperplazija kao uzrok reokluzije karotidne arterije.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-288.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Karotidna restenoza se nekad mora korigovati interpozicijom by pass grafta (Dacron).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-289.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Rekonstrukcija bifurkacije sa dakronskim graftom zbog restenoze.<\/em><br \/><em>Uredan nalaz Spektralna analiza<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-290.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><em>Neointimalna hiperplazija kao uzrok reokluzije karotidne arterije.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-291.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"small\",\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/friz-poglavlja2.jpg\",\"image_border\":\"rounded\",\"image_box_decoration\":\"shadow\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-4,3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/20.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"link\":\"index.php?page_id=4498\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h1 class=\\\"western\\\">KAROTIDNA RESTENOZA<\\\/h1>\",\"link\":\"index.php?page_id=1408\",\"title_color\":\"success\",\"title_decoration\":\"line\",\"title_element\":\"h1\",\"title_font_family\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">It is not enough to do things right. You have to do right thing.<i><br \\\/><\\\/i><em>Bertrand Russel<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">In the space age, the most important space is between the ears.<i><br \\\/><\\\/i><em>Armstrong<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"small\",\"padding_remove_bottom\":true,\"padding_remove_top\":false,\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column\":\"1-3\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\"><b>Restenoza<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>je redukcija vi\\u0161e od 50% dijametra operisane arterije.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Karotidna endarterektomija se pokazala kao vrlo pouzdana metoda za le\\u010denje simptomatske<sup><span style=\\\"font-size: xx-small;\\\"> <\\\/span><\\\/sup>i asimptomatske<sup><span style=\\\"font-size: xx-small;\\\"> <\\\/span><\\\/sup>visoko-stepene karotidne stenoze, a sve ve\\u0107i broj endarterektomija poslednjih godina uti\\u010de i na pojavu karotidnih restenoza.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Profilaksa restenoze se sprovodi:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ol>\\n\n\n<li>primenom precizne hirur\\u0161ke tehnike to- kom endarterektomije i formiranja anastomoze,<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>preferiranjem autovenskog grafta u oblasti srednjih i malih arterija,<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>postoperativnim metaboli\\u010dkim i antitrombocitnim le\\u010denjem.<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ol>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">\\u010cim se uspostavi protok, nakon karotidne endarterektomije, trombociti adheri\\u0161u na ogoljenu spolja\\u0161nju elast\\u010dnu laminu. Dolazi do degranulacije trombocita sa osloba\\u0111anjem ADP i tromboksana, \\u0161to pokre\\u0107e dalju agregaciju.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Adherirani trombociti se stabilizuju pomo\\u0107u fibrina stvaraju\\u0107i tromb. Potpuna endotelizacija se zavr\\u0161ava unutar prvog meseca. Nakon endotelizacije endarterektomisane povr\\u0161ine lokalna aktivnost trombocita vi\\u0161e ne mo\\u017ee da se detektuje. Restenoza u regionu endarterektomije je rezultat alteracije u procesu zaceljenja.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Tehni\\u010dka gre\\u0161ka, kao \\u201c<i>clamp<\\\/i>\\u201d povreda, nekompletna endarterektomija, proksimalni ili distalni intimalni <i>fl<\\\/i><i>ap<\\\/i>, stenoza na suturnoj liniji, predestinira restenozu.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">Mogu\\u0107i uzroci restenoza su:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li class=\\\"western\\\"><b>progresija<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>arterioskleroze<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>(proksimalno i\\\/ili distalno),<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li class=\\\"western\\\"><b>hiperplazija<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>neointime<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>na anastomozi, naro\\u010dito distalnoj,<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li class=\\\"western\\\"><strong>tehni\\u010dka gre\\u0161ka.<\\\/strong><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><strong>Endarterektomija<\\\/strong> karotidne bifurkacije ima bolje rane i udaljene rezultate u odnosu na druge lokalizacije i druge vrste revaskularizacija. \\u201cKarotidna endarterektomija dugoro\\u010dno daje dobru prolaznost arterije\\u201d. Hirur\\u0161ka tehnika kod primo-operacije je svakako najva\\u017enija u prevenciji restenoza. Terapiju statinima treba zapo\\u010deti \\u0161to ranije pre operacije.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Incidenca simptomatske karotidne restenoze se kre\\u0107e od 0.6-3.6%, a incidenca asimptomatske restenoze od 8.8-19%.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>Intimalna<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>fi<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>broza<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>(miointimalna<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>hiperplazija,<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>fi<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>broplazija)<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">se<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">naj\\u010de\\u0161\\u0107e<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">vi\\u0111a<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">kod<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">restenoze<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">u<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">prve<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">dve<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">godine.<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Kod<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">reoperacije,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">nailazi<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">se<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">na<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">su\\u017eenje<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">beli\\u010dasto<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">sjajne<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">povr\\u0161ine,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">\\u010dvrste<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">ili<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">gumaste<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">konzistencije.<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Glatke<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">mi\\u0161i\\u0107ne<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">\\u0107elije<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">fi<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">broblasti,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">\\u0107elije<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">uklju\\u010dene<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">u<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">proces<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">zaceljenja<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">nakon<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">endarterektomije,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">ekscesivno<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">proliferi\\u0161u<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">produkuju<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">kolagen.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Kasna<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">restenoza<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">je<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">obi\\u010dno<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">rezultat<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>progresije<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b> <\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>ateroskleroze<\\\/b><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">.<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Podrazumeva<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">se<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">antiaterogena<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">medikamentozna<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">terapija<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">uz<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">eliminisanje<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">faktora<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">rizika,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">postoperativno.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><strong>Faktori rizika<\\\/strong> su sli\\u010dni onima koji predisponiraju za aterogenezu ali restenoza karotidnih arterija se \\u010de\\u0161\\u0107e javlja kod \\u017eena. Statisti\\u010dko identifikovanje faktora rizika je te\\u0161ko zbog malog broja pacijenata sa restenozom nakon karotidne endarterektomije.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"4-5,1-5\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"4-5\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/244.jpg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-5\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>Duplex-ultrasonografski<\\\/em><br \\\/><em>nalazi postoperativno: <\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><em>(a) By <\\\/em><em>pass graft od impregniranog <\\\/em><em>Dacron-a. <\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><em>(b) PTFE bypass <\\\/em><em>graft, <\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><em>(c) Implantirani stent.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"padding_remove_top\":true,\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"preserve_color\":true},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column\":\"1-3\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Pacijenti koji su imali operaciju prime\\u0107uju i najmanje <b>simptome<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>ishemije<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>mozga<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>jer su instruirani za prepoznavanja tranzitornog ishemi\\u010dnog ataka (TIA). Korisno je edukovati pacijenta da prepoznao eventualne simptome TIA. Va\\u017eno je razlikovati pacijente koji imaju simptome odmah posle operacije od onih koji su imali asimptomatski period pre povratka simptoma TIA.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Ponekad je prisustvo <b>sistolnog<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>\\u0161uma<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>nad operisanom karotidnom arterijom prvi znak postojanja restenoze. Nasuprot ovakvog pasivnog pristupa, mogu\\u0107e je i aktivno traganje za karotidnim restenozama.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Neinvazivn<\\\/b><b>i <\\\/b><b>dijagnosti\\u010dk<\\\/b><b>i <\\\/b><b>minimu<\\\/b><b>m<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>postoperativno podrazumeva neurolo\\u0161ki, angiolo\\u0161ki pregled i kontrolnu Duplex-sonografiju u 6-mese\\u010dnim intervalima. Ve\\u0107ina novih lezija je ultrasonografski homogena, \\u0161to ukazuje na fibroznu prirodu leziju i benignu prognozu. Identifikovanje heterogenog kompleksnog plaka je dodatni kriterijum za profilakti\\u010dnu reoperaciju. Dobar <i>follow-up<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i>sa redovnim Duplex-sonografskim pregledima bi trebalo da detektuje restenozu pre nastanka okluzija. Hemodinamski zna\\u010dajna karotidna restenoza Duplex ultrasonografijom prema ESCT<sup><span style=\\\"font-size: xx-small;\\\">16<\\\/span><\\\/sup><sup><span style=\\\"font-size: xx-small;\\\"> <\\\/span><\\\/sup>kriterijumima ima PSV (<i>peak<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i><i>sistolic<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i><i>velocity<\\\/i>) &gt; 230cm\\\/sec. U tom slu\\u010daju indikovana je provera multislajsnom kompjuterizovanom tomografijom (<b>MSCT<\\\/b>) supraaorti\\u010dnih grana.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-272.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em><strong>Duplex-ultrasonografski<\\\/strong> nalaz postoperativno: Turbulencija na mestu male neravnine na distalnom kraju endarterektomije,<\\\/em><br \\\/><em><strong>Kontrolni pregledi<\\\/strong> se rade u \\u0161estomese\\u010dnim intervalima uz korekciju medikamentozne terapije shodno nalazima.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-274.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"200\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"text_align\":\"right\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-275.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>In stent restenoza unutra\\u0161nje karotidne arterije nakon<\\\/em><br \\\/><em>PTA.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-276.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-277.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"365\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><strong>Retromboza<\\\/strong> smanjuje \\u0161ansu za ponovnu revaskularizaciju. Mogu\\u0107nosti za korekciju retromboziranog segmenta se moraju pre reoperacije proceniti kontrolnom arteriografijom.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><strong>Funkcionalna evaluaciji restenoze<\\\/strong> podrazumeva kori\\u0161\\u0107enje transkranijalnog Dopplera radi procene vaskularne rezerve. Pretpostavka je da su pacijenti sa o\\u0161te\\u0107enom autoregulacijom distalno od stenoze u povi\\u0161enom riziku od \\u0161loga, posebno ako lezija progredira do okluzije.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Test se zasniva na komparaciji osnovne brzine protoka u srednjoj cerebralnoj arteriji sa brzinom posle hipo ili hiper-kapnije ili administracije acetazolamida. Kompjuterizovana tomografija endokranijuma neophodna u pacijenata koji su imali neurolo\\u0161ke ishemijske doga\\u0111aje do 30 dana pre ponovnog hirur\\u0161kog tretmana.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>Nepotpuno ekspandirani stent u zajedni\\u010dkoj karotidnoj arteriji.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Karotidna<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>angioplastika<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>je<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>prvi<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>izbor<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>le\\u010denja<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>karotidne<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>restenoze<\\\/b>. Me\\u0111utim, u slu\\u010daju tortuoziteta supaaorti\\u010dnih grana, kalcifikacija i veoma duga\\u010dkih lezija endovaskularni tretman mo\\u017ee ostati bez uspeha, pa je indikovano ponovno hirur\\u0161ko le\\u010denje.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Reoperacija<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>zbog restenoze. Ranije rekonstruisani segment se nalazi u o\\u017eiljku koji ote\\u017eava disekciju. Posebno treba voditi ra\\u010duna o identifikaciji kranijalnih nerava. <i>N.hypoglossus<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i>je najve\\u0107i problem, jer mo\\u017ee fibrozom biti povu\\u010den nadole preko bifurkacije. Ponovna trauma operativnog polja mo\\u017ee biti povezana sa povi\\u0161enim rizikom od povrede kranijalnih nerava i lokalnih hirur\\u0161kih komplikacija.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\"><em>Multislajs CT angiografija supraaorti\\u010dnih grana \\u2013 restenoza zajedni\\u010dke i unutra\\u0161nje karotidne arterije (desno) nakon standardne endarterektomije, <br \\\/>posle 19 godina.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-278.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"347\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-279.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-280.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"450\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><em>Karotidna restenoza na samoj bifurkaciji, glatke povr\\u0161ine (A), Restenoza je re\\u0161ena plasiranjem stenta.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-281.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"347\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><em>Implantacija stenta u bifurkaciju zbog karotidne restenoze \\u2013 Power Doppler uredan kontrolni follow up nalaz. Nema restenoze<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-282.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><em>Spektralna analiza, uredan nalaz po implantaciji stenta zbog resstenoze<br \\\/><\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><strong>Arterije<\\\/strong> se obi\\u010dno moraju eksplorisati i proksimalnije i distalnije nego kod primarne operacije da bi se stvorila \\u0161ansa za uspeh nove revaskularizacije. Restenozirana arterija koja je endarterektomisana prilikom prve operacije se mo\\u017ee rekonstruisati ponovnom endarterektomijom. Obi\\u010dno je neophodna implan- tacija grafta po tipu interpozicije. Ako je primarno ura\\u0111ena bypass rekonstrukcija ponovna operacija retko se mo\\u017ee zavr\\u0161iti samo dezobstrukcijom grafta. Obi\\u010dno je neophodno napraviti kompletnu ili delimi\\u010dnu zamenu (<i>reimplantatio<\\\/i>) grafta uz njegovo produ\\u017eenje (<i>elongatio<\\\/i>) put distalno i\\\/ili proksimalno \\u201c<i>overbypass<\\\/i>\\u201d.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><em>Implantacija stenta u bifurkaciju <br \\\/>zbog karotidne restenoze.<br \\\/>Uredan kontrolni follow up nalaz. <br \\\/>Nema restenoze<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-284.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Color Duplex ultrasonografija<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-291.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>B mod ultrazvuk<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"2-5,3-5\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-5\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-16-at-9.04.29-PM.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>Prose\\u010dno vreme klemovanja karotidnih <br \\\/>arterija u odnosu na tip rekonstrukcije<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"divider\",\"props\":{\"divider_element\":\"hr\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<h4 align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><\\\/h4>\\n\n\n<h4 class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Ishod operacije zbog restenozese mo\\u017ee porediti sa primarnom operacijom. Osim pove\\u0107ane u\\u010destalosti o\\u0161te\\u0107enja kranijalnih nerava, ostali parametri peroperativnog i ranog morbiditeta i mortaliteta nisu statisti\\u010dki zna\\u010dajno pove\\u0107ani.<\\\/h4>\\n\n\n<h2 class=\\\"western\\\">Terapiju statinima treba zapo\\u010deti \\u0161to ranije pre operacije.<\\\/h2>\\n\n\n<h2 class=\\\"western\\\" style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">Hirur\\u0161ka tehnika operacije je svakako najva\\u017enija u prevenciji restenoza.<\\\/h2>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-5\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<h4 class=\\\"western\\\">U ranom postoperativnom periodu (do 30 dana), TIA, mo\\u017edani udar i povrede lokalnih nerava su ne\\u0161to \\u010de\\u0161\\u0107e nego posle primarne operacije.<\\\/h4>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/Screen-Shot-2023-02-16-at-9.03.47-PM.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"800\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>Rezultati hirur\\u0161kog le\\u010denja karotidne restenoze<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-286.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Restenoza karotidne bifurkacije nakon PTA dilatacije sa stenom. Va\\u0111enje restenoziranog stenta uz za\\u0161titu intraluminalnim shuntom<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-287-e1676578277533.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Neointimalna hiperplazija kao uzrok reokluzije karotidne arterije.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-288.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Karotidna restenoza se nekad mora korigovati interpozicijom by pass grafta (Dacron).<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"column_gap\":\"small\",\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"row_gap\":\"small\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-289.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Rekonstrukcija bifurkacije sa dakronskim graftom zbog restenoze.<\\\/em><br \\\/><em>Uredan nalaz Spektralna analiza<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-290.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Neointimalna hiperplazija kao uzrok reokluzije karotidne arterije.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-291.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}],\"version\":\"3.0.25\"} --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KAROTIDNA RESTENOZA It is not enough to do things right. You have to do right thing.Bertrand Russel In the space age, the most important space is between the ears.Armstrong Restenoza je redukcija vi\u0161e od 50% dijametra operisane arterije. Karotidna endarterektomija se pokazala kao vrlo pouzdana metoda za le\u010denje simptomatske i asimptomatske visoko-stepene karotidne stenoze, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4498","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>20. KAROTIDNA RESTENOZA - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Restenoza je redukcija vi\u0161e od 50% dijametra operisane arterije. 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