{"id":2213,"date":"2023-02-08T09:23:30","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T09:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213"},"modified":"2023-02-24T11:06:14","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T11:06:14","slug":"5-1-angio-neuroloski-nalaz","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213","title":{"rendered":"5.1.  ANGIO &#8211; NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/index.php?page_id=2205\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/5.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>\n<h1 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: left;\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"CENTER\">DIJAGNOZA KAROTIDNE BOLESTI<\/h1>\n<\/h1>\n<div>\n<h3>\n<h2>5.1. ANGIO-NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ<H2><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\">U <b>asimptomatskoj fazi<\/b>, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4 lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta,<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.<\/span><span class=\"sd-abs-pos\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-30.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>Angiolo\u0161ki pregled<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Karotidne arterije ne treba palpirati, zbog mogu\u0107nosti embolizacije kompresijom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u0160um u projekciji velikih brahiocefali\u010dkih arterija, ukazuje na stenozu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Sistemski pritisak treba da se izmeri na oba gornja ekstremiteta.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Treba uporediti vrednost arterijske tenzije na gornjim i donjim ekstremitetima, kao i vrednost koja se dobija sa opu\u0161tenim i hiperabdukovanim rukama.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Tipi\u010dna mesta za papaciju i auskultaciju arterija<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Siptomatski stadijum <\/b>okluzivne bolesti supraaortalnih grana manifestuje se prolaznim ili trajnim neurolo\u0161kim deficitom zbog ishemije u prednjem (karotidom) ili zadnjem (vertebralnom) slivu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li align=\"JUSTIFY\" lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Simptomi ishemije u <b>karotidnom <\/b><b>slivu <\/b>su: nesvestica, omaglica, malak- salost, hemipareza, hemiplegija, <i>amaurosis <\/i><i>fugax, aphasio, disphasio<\/i><i> <\/i>itd). Karotidni sliv snabdeva hemisfere velikog mozga, me\u0111umozak, bazalne ganglije, o\u010di i lice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li align=\"JUSTIFY\" lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Simptomi <b>posteriorne <\/b><b>(veretebralne) <\/b>insuficijencije su vrtoglavica, omaglice, nesvestice, diplopia, ataksija, bilateralni motorni ili senzorni deficit, nesigurnost pri hodu, homonimni defekti vi\u0111enja, dizartrija i drop ataci (iznenadni pad bez gubitka svesti). Vertebrobazilarni sliv ishranjuje mo\u017edano stablo, mali mozak, produ\u017eenu mo\u017edinu i okcipitalne lobuse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Globalna <\/b><b>cerebralna <\/b><b>ishemija <\/b>nastaje zbog redukcije protoka kod hemodinamski zna\u010dajnih arterijskih stenoza (ili okluzija) uz eventualnu sistemsku hipoperfuziju. Ekstenzivnost ishemi\u010dkih lezija mozga zavisi od: stepena i du\u017eine stenoze, kolateralnog sistema, sistemskog krvnog pritiska itd. Ishemi\u010dne zone mozga su hemodinamski uslovljene (infarkt vododelnice; <i>watershed <\/i><i>areas<\/i>)<sup>1-6<\/sup>. Okluzija unutra\u0161nje karotidne arterije odra\u017eava se obi\u010dno kontralateralnom slabo\u0161\u0107u ekstremiteta zbog ishemije grani\u010dne zone teritorija irigacije prednje i srednje cerebralne arterije.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Pacijenti sa hemodinamski zna\u010dajnom karotidnom bole\u0161\u0107u su osetljivi na pad sistemskog arterijskog pritiska. Tranzitorni ishemi\u010dki atak se moze indukovati uzimanjem lekova koji obaraju krvni pritisak. Ortostatska hipotenzija je primer kako kardiolo\u0161ki poreme\u0107aji naglim sni\u017eavanjem perfuzionog pritiska mogu indukovati ishemiju mozga. Ortostatska hipotenzija se popravlja postavljanjem bolesnika u le\u017ee\u0107i polo\u017eaj.<span class=\"sd-abs-pos\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-31.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\"><em>Predilekciona zona za razvoj infarkta vododelnice (watershed area) koji je tipi\u010dan za hemodinamski uslovljenu, globalnu, cerebralnu ishemiju.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><b>Fokalna<\/b><b> <\/b><b>ishemija<\/b><b> <\/b><b>mozga<\/b><b> <\/b>razvija se zbog (mikro) embolizacije cerebralne arterije. Simptomi zavise od lokalizacije i opsega arterijske okluzije. Neurolo\u0161ki pregled mo\u017ee na osnovu simptomatologije i semiologije anatomski da locira koji areal mozga je ishemi\u010dan. Neurolo\u0161ki sindromi signaliziraju u kom krvnom sudu je okluzivna lezija.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><i>Amaurosis <\/i><i>fugax <\/i>(AF) ili tranzitorno monookularno slepilo mo\u017ee da nastane embolizacijom ili hemodinamski. Embolizacija kre\u0107e iz ipsilateralnog karotidnog ulcerisanog plaka. Fundoskopskim pregledom se u ovih pacijenata nalazi embolija retinalnih arterija (<i>Hollenhorst<\/i>-ova tela\u0161ca).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table width=\"576\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" bordercolor=\"#f088b6\" border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"27\" bgcolor=\"#ebdfda\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Zahva\u0107eni krvni sud<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\" bgcolor=\"#ebdfda\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Neurolo\u0161ki sindrom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. carotis interna<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hemiplegija, hemianestezija, hemianopsija, opadanje pritiska u a.centralis retinae.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. cerebri anterior<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Paraliza noge, poreme\u0107aj sfinktera, pozitivan refleks hvatanja, sisanja, demencija, apraksija leve ruke<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"23\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. cerebri media<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Faciobrahijalni tip hemiplegije, hemianestezija, hemianopsija<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. cerebri posterior<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Homonimna hemianopsija sa o\u010duvanim centralnim vidom Levo: aleksija, opti\u010dka agnozija<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. chorioidea anterior<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hemiplegija, hemianestezija, hemianopsija, sindrom talamusa, midrijaza, troma reakcija zenica na svetlost<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"50\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"RIGHT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A.cerebelli inferior post.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Vrtoglavica,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">povra\u0107anje,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">smanjena<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">osetljivost<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">za<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">bol<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">temperaturu na<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">suprotnoj<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">strani<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">tela,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">paraliza<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">mekog<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">nepca,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">farinksa<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">larinksa, Hornerov sindrom, nistagmus, ataksija sa iste<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">strane<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"23\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A.subclavia<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Vrtoglavica, Nesvestica, Diplopia, Ishemija gornjih ekstremitete<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"64\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. vertebralis<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Veoma jaka vrtoglavica, povra\u0107anje, nistagmus ipsilateralna ataksija i hipotonija, bol i disestezije lica, disocirana anestezija, paraliza ipsilateralne glasne \u017eice, dizartrija i disfagija, hipestezija farinksa, ipsilateralna mioza i vazodilatacija<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"50\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"RIGHT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A.cerebelli inferior ant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Vertigo, nistagmus, tinnitus, ataksija, kontralateralna disocirana anestezija, Hornerov sindrom, gluvo\u0107a, paraliza facijalisa, ipsilateralni gubitak ose\u0107aja za bol i temperaturu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. cerebelli superior<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ataksija, Hornerov sindrom, horeiformni pokreti, kontralateralan gubitak ose\u0107aja za bol i temperaturu, mioklonus<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"37\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. basilaris<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Nagla okluzija dovodi do egzitusa (mo\u017edano stablo-vitalni centri)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"192\" height=\"50\" bgcolor=\"#dff2fd\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A. spinalis anterior<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"380\">\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Bol, akutna paraplegija, poreme\u0107aj funkcije mokra\u0107ne <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">be\u0161ike <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">i debelog creva, siringomijeli\u010dna disocijacija senzibiliteta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Proprioceptivni senzibilitet o\u010duvan.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Pacijenti sa hemodinamskim <i>amaurosis <\/i><i>fugax <\/i>opisuju da vidno polje postepeno postaje sivo. Oftalmolo\u0161ki simptomi uzrokovani hemodinamskim mehanizmom, fundoskopski ukazuje na znake ishemi\u010dke retinopatije, a pritisak u retinalnim arterijama je sni\u017een.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Simptomi mo\u017edanog udara nastaju iznenada, pa je po tome i dobio ime (\u00abudar\u00bb ili \u00ab\u0161log\u00bb). Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se sve manifestacije mo\u017edanog udara u svom punom obimu razviju u toku nekoliko minuta do oko par sati. Tipi\u010dna je pojava slabosti ili oduzetosti jedne polovine tela, utrnulost polovine lica i tela, smetnje izgovaranja ili razumevanja govora tipa disfazije, gubitak vida u jednoj polovini vidnog polja, gubitak koordinacije pokreta ekstremiteta sa jedne strane ili iznenadan gubitak ravnote\u017ee i te\u0161ko\u0107e u hodu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Dijagnoza mo\u017edanog udara se postavlja pregledom bolesnika i prethodnim informisanjem o okolnostima i na\u010dinu nastanka tegoba. U cilju potvrde klini\u010dke dijagnoze mo\u017edanog udara neophodno je uraditi snimanje glave kompjuterizovanom tomografijom tzv. skener. Medjutim, u ranom periodu tokom prvih 24 sata, skenerom se ne mo\u017ee prikazati mo\u017edani infarkt. Iako postoji, mo\u017edani infarkt postaje vidljiv na skeneru tek posle oko 24-48 sati od trenutka njegovog nastanka. Karotidna bolest se potrvrdjuje ultrazvu\u010dnim pregledom vratnih krvnih sudova.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\">Prema te\u017eini ishemi\u010dkog neurolo\u0161kog deficita razlikujemo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Stadijum I<\/b>: Asimptomatska stenoza,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Stadijum II: <\/b><b>Tranzitorni <\/b><b>ishemi\u010dki atak (TIA) <\/b>traje nekoliko minuta do 24 \u010dasa, povla\u010di se bez posledica, ali ima tendenciju ponavljanja.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Crescendo<\/i><i> <\/i><i>TIA<\/i><i> <\/i>pove\u0107ava u\u010destalosti i pogor\u0161anje klini\u010dke slike TIA.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Reverzibilni ishemi\u010dki neurolo\u0161ki deficit (RIND) traje du\u017ee od 24 h. Znaci se povla\u010de u roku od 7 dana bez zaostajanja neurolo\u0161kog deficita.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Progresivni ishemi\u010dki neurolo\u0161ki deficit (PIND) odgovara u\u010destalim TIA, koji traju od nekoliko minuta do nekoliko sati. Ishemi\u010dki ataci pove\u0107avaju svoju u\u010destalost i te\u017einu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Stadijum III: Akutni ishemi\u010dki <\/b><b>neurolo\u0161ki <\/b><b>deficit <\/b>ili <i>Frischer Schlaganfall, frank<\/i><i> <\/i><i>stroke<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Stadijum <\/b><b>IV: <\/b><b>Hroni\u010dni <\/b><b>ishemi\u010dki <\/b><b>neurolo\u0161ki <\/b><b>deficit <\/b>(HIND) ili <i>Postapoplektischer Endzustand, Completed <\/i><i>stroke <\/i>podrazumeva pacijente koji su pre\u017eiveli mo\u017edani udar sa definitivnim neurolo\u0161kim lezijama.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Kod svih bolesnika sa mo\u017edanim udarom treba utvrditi postojanje faktora rizika. Provere se kompletne laboratorijske analize uklju\u010duju\u0107i glikemiju, lipidni i koagulacioni status. Kod svih bolesnika se radi EKG i kardiolo\u0161ki pregled uz ehokardiografiju, ako je potrebno.<\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Magnetna rezonanca se radi samo ako se uka\u017ee potreba, a to je kada ni ponovljeni skener nije potvrdio mo\u017edani udar ili kada postoji sumnja da li se uop\u0161te radi o mo\u017edanom udaru. Uz pomo\u0107 ove metode mo\u017eemo na neinvazivan na\u010din snimiti i krvne sudove mozga i vrata, a to je va\u017eno u ve\u0107ine mladih ljudi koji su do\u017eiveli mo\u017edani udar a uzrok nije jasan.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><i><b>Subclavian steal syndrom <\/b><\/i>je fenomen retrogradnog protoka krvi kroz vertebralnu arteriju zbog okluzije ili te\u0161ke stenoze subklavijalne arterije.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u201cKra\u0111a krvi\u201d iz cerebralne cirkulacije u gornji ekstremitet nastaje ako je cerebralna cirkulacija o\u010duvana, a distalno od okludiranog segmenta subklavijalne arterije postoji ishemija.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\" align=\"JUSTIFY\">Preusmeravanje krvi iz cerebralne cirkulacije u vaskularno stablo gornjeg ekstremiteta prate simptomi globalne mo\u017edane ishemije (vrtoglavica, nesvestica, sinkopa). Palpira se oslabljen radijalni puls na strani stenozirane subklavijalne arterije. Ako je potklju\u010dna arterija okludirana, radijelni puls se obi\u010dno ne mo\u017ee palpirati. Krvni pritisak treba meriti na obe ruke, da bi se otkrile eventualne lezije na potklju\u010dnim arterijama.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/5-45.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>Subclavian steal syndroma sin.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-32.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>MSCT angiografija. Totalna ateroskleroti\u010dna okluzija<\/em><br \/><em>prevertebralnog segmenta leve subklavijalne arterije.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"bs-BA\">Spektralnom analizom signala prilikom Duplex ultrasonografije ipsilateralne karotidne arterije u slu\u010daju <i>steal syndroma <\/i>se registruje retrogradni protok.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Subklavijalni<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>steal<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>syndrom<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mo\u017ee<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">postojati<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">bez<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">simptoma.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">U<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">tom<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">slu\u010daju<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">se vrtoglavica, nesvestica, diplopije itd. mogu izazvati funkcionalnim testovima. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Ratschaw <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">test se izvodi elevacijom ruku uz brzo otvaranje i zatvaranje \u0161ake, \u0161to pove\u0107ava potrebu gornjih ektremiteta za krvlju.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> U \u0161irem smislu <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>steal <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>sindrom<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i> <\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">postoji<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">kod<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">okluzije<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">drugih<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">velikih<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">supraaortalnih<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">grana<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">u<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">proksimalnom segmentu sa postojanjem funkcionalnih anastomoza distalno. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Angio-neurolo\u0161ki<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">klini\u010dki<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pregled<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(palpacija<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pulsa,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">auskultacija,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">merenje<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">arterijskog<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pritiska i funkcionalni testovi) pru\u017ea puno informacija koje usmeravaju pravce daljeg dijagnosti\u010dkog<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">razmi\u0161ljanja.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-33.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\"><em><strong>Subclavian steal syndrom:<\/strong> Retrogradni protok kroz vertebralnu arteriju, zbog segmentne ateroskleroti\u010dne okluzije prevertebralnog segmenta subklavijalne arterije.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-34.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\"><em>Okluzija brahiocefali\u010dnog stabla sa posledi\u010dnim reverznim protokom kroz karotidnu i vertebralnu arteriju zbog hemodinamske redistribucije.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\">\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-35.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\"><em>Okluzija desne zajedni\u010dke karotidne arterije sa posledi\u010dnim reverznim protokom kroz ipsilateralnu unutra\u0161nju i spolja\u0161nju karotidnu arteriju.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"small\",\"padding_remove_bottom\":true,\"preserve_color\":true,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/5.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"link\":\"index.php?page_id=2205\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h1 class=\\\"western\\\" style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"CENTER\\\">DIJAGNOZA KAROTIDNE BOLESTI<\\\/h1>\",\"title_color\":\"success\",\"title_decoration\":\"line\",\"title_element\":\"h1\",\"title_font_family\":\"default\"}}]}],\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-4,3-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"none\",\"padding_remove_top\":true,\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-4,3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"description_list\",\"props\":{\"animation\":\"slide-left\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"layout\":\"grid-2\",\"list_element\":\"ul\",\"list_marker\":\"square\",\"list_marker_color\":\"primary\",\"list_size\":\"\",\"list_style\":\"striped\",\"margin\":\"remove-vertical\",\"margin_remove_bottom\":false,\"maxwidth\":\"large\",\"meta_align\":\"below-content\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"show_content\":false,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":false,\"show_title\":true,\"title_colon\":false,\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_grid_column_gap\":\"small\",\"title_grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"title_grid_width\":\"auto\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"description_list_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\",\"title\":\"\n\n<h2>5.1. ANGIO-NEUROLO\\u0160KI NALAZ<H2>\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"small\",\"padding_remove_top\":true,\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"nav\",\"props\":{\"grid\":\"1\",\"grid_divider\":true,\"image_vertical_align\":true,\"nav_style\":\"primary\",\"show_image\":true,\"show_meta\":true},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"nav_item\",\"props\":{\"icon\":\"git-branch\"},\"source\":{\"query\":{\"name\":\"customMenuItems\",\"arguments\":{\"id\":49,\"parent\":\"\",\"heading\":\"\",\"include_heading\":true,\"ids\":[\"3274\",\"3275\",\"3276\"]}},\"props\":{\"type\":{\"filters\":{\"search\":\"\"},\"name\":\"title\"},\"active\":{\"filters\":{\"search\":\"\"},\"name\":\"active\"},\"content\":{\"filters\":{\"search\":\"\"},\"name\":\"title\"},\"link\":{\"filters\":{\"search\":\"\"},\"name\":\"url\"}}}}],\"name\":\"submeni\"}]}],\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-4,3-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"none\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"divider\":true,\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\",\"margin\":\"remove-vertical\",\"match\":true,\"width\":\"expand\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<h4 class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\">U <b>asimptomatskoj fazi<\\\/b>, koja mo\\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\\u017eljivog klini\\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti:<\\\/h4>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<h4 lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta,<\\\/span><\\\/h4>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<h4 lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">sni\\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\\\/ili<\\\/span><\\\/h4>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<h4 lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">sistolni \\u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.<\\\/span><span class=\\\"sd-abs-pos\\\"><\\\/span><\\\/h4>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-30.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"200\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\"><strong>Angiolo\\u0161ki pregled<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">Karotidne arterije ne treba palpirati, zbog mogu\\u0107nosti embolizacije kompresijom.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">\\u0160um u projekciji velikih brahiocefali\\u010dkih arterija, ukazuje na stenozu.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">Sistemski pritisak treba da se izmeri na oba gornja ekstremiteta.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">Treba uporediti vrednost arterijske tenzije na gornjim i donjim ekstremitetima, kao i vrednost koja se dobija sa opu\\u0161tenim i hiperabdukovanim rukama.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\">Tipi\\u010dna mesta za papaciju i auskultaciju arterija<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"2-3,1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Siptomatski stadijum <\\\/b>okluzivne bolesti supraaortalnih grana manifestuje se prolaznim ili trajnim neurolo\\u0161kim deficitom zbog ishemije u prednjem (karotidom) ili zadnjem (vertebralnom) slivu.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Simptomi ishemije u <b>karotidnom <\\\/b><b>slivu <\\\/b>su: nesvestica, omaglica, malak- salost, hemipareza, hemiplegija, <i>amaurosis <\\\/i><i>fugax, aphasio, disphasio<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i>itd). Karotidni sliv snabdeva hemisfere velikog mozga, me\\u0111umozak, bazalne ganglije, o\\u010di i lice.<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Simptomi <b>posteriorne <\\\/b><b>(veretebralne) <\\\/b>insuficijencije su vrtoglavica, omaglice, nesvestice, diplopia, ataksija, bilateralni motorni ili senzorni deficit, nesigurnost pri hodu, homonimni defekti vi\\u0111enja, dizartrija i drop ataci (iznenadni pad bez gubitka svesti). Vertebrobazilarni sliv ishranjuje mo\\u017edano stablo, mali mozak, produ\\u017eenu mo\\u017edinu i okcipitalne lobuse.<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Globalna <\\\/b><b>cerebralna <\\\/b><b>ishemija <\\\/b>nastaje zbog redukcije protoka kod hemodinamski zna\\u010dajnih arterijskih stenoza (ili okluzija) uz eventualnu sistemsku hipoperfuziju. Ekstenzivnost ishemi\\u010dkih lezija mozga zavisi od: stepena i du\\u017eine stenoze, kolateralnog sistema, sistemskog krvnog pritiska itd. Ishemi\\u010dne zone mozga su hemodinamski uslovljene (infarkt vododelnice; <i>watershed <\\\/i><i>areas<\\\/i>)<sup>1-6<\\\/sup>. Okluzija unutra\\u0161nje karotidne arterije odra\\u017eava se obi\\u010dno kontralateralnom slabo\\u0161\\u0107u ekstremiteta zbog ishemije grani\\u010dne zone teritorija irigacije prednje i srednje cerebralne arterije.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Pacijenti sa hemodinamski zna\\u010dajnom karotidnom bole\\u0161\\u0107u su osetljivi na pad sistemskog arterijskog pritiska. Tranzitorni ishemi\\u010dki atak se moze indukovati uzimanjem lekova koji obaraju krvni pritisak. Ortostatska hipotenzija je primer kako kardiolo\\u0161ki poreme\\u0107aji naglim sni\\u017eavanjem perfuzionog pritiska mogu indukovati ishemiju mozga. Ortostatska hipotenzija se popravlja postavljanjem bolesnika u le\\u017ee\\u0107i polo\\u017eaj.<span class=\\\"sd-abs-pos\\\"><\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-31.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\"><em>Predilekciona zona za razvoj infarkta vododelnice (watershed area) koji je tipi\\u010dan za hemodinamski uslovljenu, globalnu, cerebralnu ishemiju.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"none\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><b>Fokalna<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>ishemija<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b><b>mozga<\\\/b><b> <\\\/b>razvija se zbog (mikro) embolizacije cerebralne arterije. Simptomi zavise od lokalizacije i opsega arterijske okluzije. Neurolo\\u0161ki pregled mo\\u017ee na osnovu simptomatologije i semiologije anatomski da locira koji areal mozga je ishemi\\u010dan. Neurolo\\u0161ki sindromi signaliziraju u kom krvnom sudu je okluzivna lezija.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><i>Amaurosis <\\\/i><i>fugax <\\\/i>(AF) ili tranzitorno monookularno slepilo mo\\u017ee da nastane embolizacijom ili hemodinamski. Embolizacija kre\\u0107e iz ipsilateralnog karotidnog ulcerisanog plaka. Fundoskopskim pregledom se u ovih pacijenata nalazi embolija retinalnih arterija (<i>Hollenhorst<\\\/i>-ova tela\\u0161ca).<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<table width=\\\"576\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" bordercolor=\\\"#f088b6\\\" border=\\\"2\\\">\\n\n\n<tbody>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"27\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#ebdfda\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Zahva\\u0107eni krvni sud<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#ebdfda\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Neurolo\\u0161ki sindrom<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. carotis interna<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Hemiplegija, hemianestezija, hemianopsija, opadanje pritiska u a.centralis retinae.<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. cerebri anterior<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Paraliza noge, poreme\\u0107aj sfinktera, pozitivan refleks hvatanja, sisanja, demencija, apraksija leve ruke<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"23\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. cerebri media<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Faciobrahijalni tip hemiplegije, hemianestezija, hemianopsija<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. cerebri posterior<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Homonimna hemianopsija sa o\\u010duvanim centralnim vidom Levo: aleksija, opti\\u010dka agnozija<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. chorioidea anterior<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Hemiplegija, hemianestezija, hemianopsija, sindrom talamusa, midrijaza, troma reakcija zenica na svetlost<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"50\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"RIGHT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A.cerebelli inferior post.<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Vrtoglavica,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">povra\\u0107anje,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">smanjena<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">osetljivost<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">za<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">bol<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">temperaturu na<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">suprotnoj<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">strani<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">tela,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">paraliza<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">mekog<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">nepca,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">farinksa<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">larinksa, Hornerov sindrom, nistagmus, ataksija sa iste<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">strane<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"23\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A.subclavia<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Vrtoglavica, Nesvestica, Diplopia, Ishemija gornjih ekstremitete<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"64\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. vertebralis<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Veoma jaka vrtoglavica, povra\\u0107anje, nistagmus ipsilateralna ataksija i hipotonija, bol i disestezije lica, disocirana anestezija, paraliza ipsilateralne glasne \\u017eice, dizartrija i disfagija, hipestezija farinksa, ipsilateralna mioza i vazodilatacija<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"50\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"RIGHT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A.cerebelli inferior ant.<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Vertigo, nistagmus, tinnitus, ataksija, kontralateralna disocirana anestezija, Hornerov sindrom, gluvo\\u0107a, paraliza facijalisa, ipsilateralni gubitak ose\\u0107aja za bol i temperaturu<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. cerebelli superior<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Ataksija, Hornerov sindrom, horeiformni pokreti, kontralateralan gubitak ose\\u0107aja za bol i temperaturu, mioklonus<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"37\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. basilaris<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Nagla okluzija dovodi do egzitusa (mo\\u017edano stablo-vitalni centri)<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n\n\n<tr valign=\\\"TOP\\\">\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"192\\\" height=\\\"50\\\" bgcolor=\\\"#dff2fd\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">A. spinalis anterior<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n\n\n<td width=\\\"380\\\">\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Bol, akutna paraplegija, poreme\\u0107aj funkcije mokra\\u0107ne <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">be\\u0161ike <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">i debelog creva, siringomijeli\\u010dna disocijacija senzibiliteta.<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\">Proprioceptivni senzibilitet o\\u010duvan.<\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/td>\\n<\\\/tr>\\n<\\\/tbody>\\n<\\\/table>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Pacijenti sa hemodinamskim <i>amaurosis <\\\/i><i>fugax <\\\/i>opisuju da vidno polje postepeno postaje sivo. Oftalmolo\\u0161ki simptomi uzrokovani hemodinamskim mehanizmom, fundoskopski ukazuje na znake ishemi\\u010dke retinopatije, a pritisak u retinalnim arterijama je sni\\u017een.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Simptomi mo\\u017edanog udara nastaju iznenada, pa je po tome i dobio ime (\\u00abudar\\u00bb ili \\u00ab\\u0161log\\u00bb). Naj\\u010de\\u0161\\u0107e se sve manifestacije mo\\u017edanog udara u svom punom obimu razviju u toku nekoliko minuta do oko par sati. Tipi\\u010dna je pojava slabosti ili oduzetosti jedne polovine tela, utrnulost polovine lica i tela, smetnje izgovaranja ili razumevanja govora tipa disfazije, gubitak vida u jednoj polovini vidnog polja, gubitak koordinacije pokreta ekstremiteta sa jedne strane ili iznenadan gubitak ravnote\\u017ee i te\\u0161ko\\u0107e u hodu.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Dijagnoza mo\\u017edanog udara se postavlja pregledom bolesnika i prethodnim informisanjem o okolnostima i na\\u010dinu nastanka tegoba. U cilju potvrde klini\\u010dke dijagnoze mo\\u017edanog udara neophodno je uraditi snimanje glave kompjuterizovanom tomografijom tzv. skener. Medjutim, u ranom periodu tokom prvih 24 sata, skenerom se ne mo\\u017ee prikazati mo\\u017edani infarkt. Iako postoji, mo\\u017edani infarkt postaje vidljiv na skeneru tek posle oko 24-48 sati od trenutka njegovog nastanka. Karotidna bolest se potrvrdjuje ultrazvu\\u010dnim pregledom vratnih krvnih sudova.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\">Prema te\\u017eini ishemi\\u010dkog neurolo\\u0161kog deficita razlikujemo:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>Stadijum I<\\\/b>: Asimptomatska stenoza,<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>Stadijum II: <\\\/b><b>Tranzitorni <\\\/b><b>ishemi\\u010dki atak (TIA) <\\\/b>traje nekoliko minuta do 24 \\u010dasa, povla\\u010di se bez posledica, ali ima tendenciju ponavljanja.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"LEFT\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>Crescendo<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i><i>TIA<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i>pove\\u0107ava u\\u010destalosti i pogor\\u0161anje klini\\u010dke slike TIA.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Reverzibilni ishemi\\u010dki neurolo\\u0161ki deficit (RIND) traje du\\u017ee od 24 h. Znaci se povla\\u010de u roku od 7 dana bez zaostajanja neurolo\\u0161kog deficita.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Progresivni ishemi\\u010dki neurolo\\u0161ki deficit (PIND) odgovara u\\u010destalim TIA, koji traju od nekoliko minuta do nekoliko sati. Ishemi\\u010dki ataci pove\\u0107avaju svoju u\\u010destalost i te\\u017einu.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>Stadijum III: Akutni ishemi\\u010dki <\\\/b><b>neurolo\\u0161ki <\\\/b><b>deficit <\\\/b>ili <i>Frischer Schlaganfall, frank<\\\/i><i> <\\\/i><i>stroke<\\\/i>.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>\\n\n\n<p lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><b>Stadijum <\\\/b><b>IV: <\\\/b><b>Hroni\\u010dni <\\\/b><b>ishemi\\u010dki <\\\/b><b>neurolo\\u0161ki <\\\/b><b>deficit <\\\/b>(HIND) ili <i>Postapoplektischer Endzustand, Completed <\\\/i><i>stroke <\\\/i>podrazumeva pacijente koji su pre\\u017eiveli mo\\u017edani udar sa definitivnim neurolo\\u0161kim lezijama.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: small;\\\"><\\\/span><br \\\/><\\\/span><\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Kod svih bolesnika sa mo\\u017edanim udarom treba utvrditi postojanje faktora rizika. Provere se kompletne laboratorijske analize uklju\\u010duju\\u0107i glikemiju, lipidni i koagulacioni status. Kod svih bolesnika se radi EKG i kardiolo\\u0161ki pregled uz ehokardiografiju, ako je potrebno.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Magnetna rezonanca se radi samo ako se uka\\u017ee potreba, a to je kada ni ponovljeni skener nije potvrdio mo\\u017edani udar ili kada postoji sumnja da li se uop\\u0161te radi o mo\\u017edanom udaru. Uz pomo\\u0107 ove metode mo\\u017eemo na neinvazivan na\\u010din snimiti i krvne sudove mozga i vrata, a to je va\\u017eno u ve\\u0107ine mladih ljudi koji su do\\u017eiveli mo\\u017edani udar a uzrok nije jasan.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><i><b>Subclavian steal syndrom <\\\/b><\\\/i>je fenomen retrogradnog protoka krvi kroz vertebralnu arteriju zbog okluzije ili te\\u0161ke stenoze subklavijalne arterije.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">\\u201cKra\\u0111a krvi\\u201d iz cerebralne cirkulacije u gornji ekstremitet nastaje ako je cerebralna cirkulacija o\\u010duvana, a distalno od okludiranog segmenta subklavijalne arterije postoji ishemija.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\">Preusmeravanje krvi iz cerebralne cirkulacije u vaskularno stablo gornjeg ekstremiteta prate simptomi globalne mo\\u017edane ishemije (vrtoglavica, nesvestica, sinkopa). Palpira se oslabljen radijalni puls na strani stenozirane subklavijalne arterije. Ako je potklju\\u010dna arterija okludirana, radijelni puls se obi\\u010dno ne mo\\u017ee palpirati. Krvni pritisak treba meriti na obe ruke, da bi se otkrile eventualne lezije na potklju\\u010dnim arterijama.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/5-45.jpg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>Subclavian steal syndroma sin.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-32.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"520\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><em>MSCT angiografija. Totalna ateroskleroti\\u010dna okluzija<\\\/em><br \\\/><em>prevertebralnog segmenta leve subklavijalne arterije.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" lang=\\\"bs-BA\\\">Spektralnom analizom signala prilikom Duplex ultrasonografije ipsilateralne karotidne arterije u slu\\u010daju <i>steal syndroma <\\\/i>se registruje retrogradni protok.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Subklavijalni<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>steal<\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i> <\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>syndrom<\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i> <\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">mo\\u017ee<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">postojati<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">bez<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">simptoma.<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">U<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">tom<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">slu\\u010daju<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">se vrtoglavica, nesvestica, diplopije itd. mogu izazvati funkcionalnim testovima. <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>Ratschaw <\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">test se izvodi elevacijom ruku uz brzo otvaranje i zatvaranje \\u0161ake, \\u0161to pove\\u0107ava potrebu gornjih ektremiteta za krvlju.<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> U \\u0161irem smislu <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>steal <\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i>sindrom<\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"><i> <\\\/i><\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">postoji<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">i<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">kod<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">okluzije<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">drugih<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">velikih<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">supraaortalnih<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">grana<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">u<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">proksimalnom segmentu sa postojanjem funkcionalnih anastomoza distalno. <\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p class=\\\"western\\\" align=\\\"JUSTIFY\\\"><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">Angio-neurolo\\u0161ki<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">klini\\u010dki<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">pregled<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">(palpacija<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">pulsa,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">auskultacija,<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">merenje<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">arterijskog<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">pritiska i funkcionalni testovi) pru\\u017ea puno informacija koje usmeravaju pravce daljeg dijagnosti\\u010dkog<\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\"> <\\\/span><span style=\\\"font-size: medium;\\\">razmi\\u0161ljanja.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding\":\"xsmall\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-33.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\" align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em><strong>Subclavian steal syndrom:<\\\/strong> Retrogradni protok kroz vertebralnu arteriju, zbog segmentne ateroskleroti\\u010dne okluzije prevertebralnog segmenta subklavijalne arterije.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-34.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\" align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Okluzija brahiocefali\\u010dnog stabla sa posledi\\u010dnim reverznim protokom kroz karotidnu i vertebralnu arteriju zbog hemodinamske redistribucije.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\" align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"media_overlay_gradient\":\"\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/KNJIGA-Karotidna-hirurgija-35.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":\"400\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\" align=\\\"CENTER\\\"><em>Okluzija desne zajedni\\u010dke karotidne arterije sa posledi\\u010dnim reverznim protokom kroz ipsilateralnu unutra\\u0161nju i spolja\\u0161nju karotidnu arteriju.<\\\/em><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}],\"version\":\"3.0.25\"} --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DIJAGNOZA KAROTIDNE BOLESTI 5.1. ANGIO-NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija. Angiolo\u0161ki pregled Karotidne arterije ne treba [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2213","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-24T11:06:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?page_id=2213\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?page_id=2213\",\"name\":\"5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-08T09:23:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-24T11:06:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\\\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?page_id=2213#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?page_id=2213\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?page_id=2213#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"5.1. ANGIO &#8211; NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA\",\"description\":\"Knjiga o karotidnoj hirurgiji - sve \u0161to je pouzdano i znano\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/84f97392d514f154c03f71f594debb3c\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/84f97392d514f154c03f71f594debb3c\",\"name\":\"karotida\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":112,\"caption\":\"karotida\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA","description":"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA","og_description":"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213","og_site_name":"KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA","article_modified_time":"2023-02-24T11:06:14+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213","url":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213","name":"5.1. ANGIO - NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ - KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-02-08T09:23:30+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-24T11:06:14+00:00","description":"U asimptomatskoj fazi, koja mo\u017ee dugo da traje, se kao znaci lezija supraaortalnih grana mogu prilikom pa\u017eljivog klini\u010dkog pregleda zapaziti: oslabljen ili odsutan puls na arterijama gornjih ekstremiteta, sni\u017eena arterijska tenzija na jednoj ruci i\/ili sistolni \u0161um pri auskultaciji karotidnih i supraaortalnih arterija.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?page_id=2213#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"5.1. ANGIO &#8211; NEUROLO\u0160KI NALAZ"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/","name":"KAROTIDNA HIRURGIJA","description":"Knjiga o karotidnoj hirurgiji - sve \u0161to je pouzdano i znano","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/#\/schema\/person\/84f97392d514f154c03f71f594debb3c"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/#\/schema\/person\/84f97392d514f154c03f71f594debb3c","name":"karotida","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png","url":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png","width":500,"height":112,"caption":"karotida"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/LOGO-KH-tree1.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2213"}],"version-history":[{"count":67,"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5751,"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2213\/revisions\/5751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karotidnahirurgija.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}